ASTM A479
Characteristics
Corrosion Resistance: ASTM A479 stainless steel exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, making it suitable for use in a wide range of corrosive environments, including chemical processing, marine, and food processing industries.
High Strength: Stainless steel bars produced according to ASTM A479 standards typically possess high tensile strength and yield strength, providing structural integrity and reliability in various applications.
Versatility: ASTM A479 covers a wide range of stainless steel grades and product forms, offering versatility to meet diverse industrial requirements, including different levels of corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and temperature resistance.
Machinability: Depending on the grade, ASTM A479 stainless steel can exhibit good to excellent machinability, allowing for ease of fabrication and machining operations such as drilling, milling, and turning.
Weldability: ASTM A479 stainless steel is generally weldable using common welding techniques such as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), and gas metal arc welding (GMAW), facilitating fabrication and assembly processes.
Surface Finish Options: ASTM A479 stainless steel bars are available in various surface finishes, including annealed, cold drawn, polished, and ground finishes, providing options for different aesthetic and functional requirements in applications.
ASTM A479 Data Sheet
Steel Grades
Dimensions and Tolerances
Equivalent Grades
Chemical Composition
Mechanical Properties
Fabrication and Welding
Steel Grades
304
Stainless steel grade with excellent corrosion resistance and versatility, commonly used in food processing, chemical processing, and architectural applications.
316
Stainless steel grade with enhanced corrosion resistance, particularly in marine environments and chemical processing applications, often used for pumps, valves, and marine equipment.
410
Martensitic stainless steel grade with high strength, hardness, and wear resistance, suitable for applications requiring abrasion resistance, such as pump shafts, valve components, and fasteners.
430
Ferritic stainless steel grade with good corrosion resistance and formability, commonly used in decorative trim, automotive trim, and kitchen equipment.
2205
Duplex stainless steel grade with excellent corrosion resistance and high strength, ideal for applications requiring resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion.
2507
Super duplex stainless steel grade with exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, suitable for demanding applications in chemical processing, oil and gas, and marine industries.
Dimensions and Tolerances
Shape
Round, Square, Hexagonal, Flat
Diameter (Round Bars)
1/8 inch (3.175 mm) and above
Width (Flat Bars)
1/4 inch (6.35 mm) and above
Thickness (Flat Bars)
1/8 inch (3.175 mm) and above
Tolerances
Diameter: ±0.005 inches (0.13 mm)
Width/Thickness: ±10% or as specified
Length: ±1/8 inch (3.2 mm) or as specified
Equivalent Grades
United States
AISI/SAE 304, AISI/SAE 316, AISI/SAE 410
United Kingdom
BS 970-1 Grade 304S15, BS 970-1 Grade 316S16
Japan
JIS G4303 Grade SUS304, JIS G4303 Grade SUS316
European Union
EN 10088-3 Grade X5CrNi18-10, EN 10088-3 Grade X5CrNiMo17-12-2
Chemical Composition
Carbon (C)
ASTM A479 304: 0.08 max
ASTM A479 316: 0.08 max
ASTM A479 410: 0.15 max
Manganese (Mn)
ASTM A479 304: 2.00 max
ASTM A479 316: 2.00 max
ASTM A479 410: 1.00 max
Phosphorus (P)
ASTM A479 304: 0.045 max
ASTM A479 316: 0.045 max
ASTM A479 410: 0.040 max
Sulfur (S)
ASTM A479 304: 0.030 max
ASTM A479 316: 0.030 max
ASTM A479 410: 0.030 max
Silicon (Si)
ASTM A479 304: 0.75 max
ASTM A479 316: 1.00 max
ASTM A479 410: 1.00 max
Chromium (Cr)
ASTM A479 304: 18.0 – 20.0
ASTM A479 316: 16.0 – 18.0
ASTM A479 410: 11.5 – 13.5
Nickel (Ni)
ASTM A479 304: 8.0 – 10.5
ASTM A479 316: 10.0 – 14.0
Molybdenum (Mo)
ASTM A479 316: 2.00 – 3.00
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength
ASTM A479 304: 75 ksi (515 MPa) min
ASTM A479 316: 75 ksi (515 MPa) min
ASTM A479 410: 65 ksi (450 MPa) min
Yield Strength
ASTM A479 304: 30 ksi (205 MPa) min
ASTM A479 316: 30 ksi (205 MPa) min
ASTM A479 410: 30 ksi (205 MPa) min
Elongation
ASTM A479 304: 40% min
ASTM A479 316: 40% min
ASTM A479 410: 20% min
Reduction of Area
ASTM A479 304: 50% min
ASTM A479 316: 50% min
Hardness (Brinell)
ASTM A479 304: 201 max
ASTM A479 316: 217 max
Fabrication and Welding
Cutting: Use conventional cutting methods such as sawing, shearing, or abrasive cutting to cut ASTM A479 stainless steel bars to the desired length.
Forming: ASTM A479 stainless steel can be formed using cold working techniques such as bending, coining, and drawing. However, due to its high strength and work hardening characteristics, forming operations may require higher forces compared to carbon steels.
Machining: ASTM A479 stainless steel exhibits good machinability in annealed or solution-treated conditions. Use sharp tools, low cutting speeds, and ample coolant to minimize work hardening and tool wear.
Welding: Stainless steel bars covered by ASTM A479 can be welded using various welding processes such as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and resistance welding. Preheating and post-weld heat treatment may be necessary to reduce the risk of cracking and ensure adequate corrosion resistance.
Finishing: ASTM A479 stainless steel bars can be finished using processes such as grinding, polishing, and buffing to achieve the desired surface finish and appearance.
Preparation: Ensure proper fit-up and joint preparation to achieve full penetration and minimize distortion. Clean the weld area to remove any contaminants or surface impurities.
Welding Method: Select a suitable welding method based on the specific grade of stainless steel and the application requirements. GTAW, GMAW, and SMAW are commonly used for welding ASTM A479 stainless steel.
Consumables: Choose welding consumables, including electrodes and filler metals, compatible with the base material to ensure proper weld quality and mechanical properties.
Welding Parameters: Control welding parameters such as heat input, travel speed, and interpass temperature to minimize distortion, prevent overheating, and ensure adequate fusion.
Post-Weld Treatment: Perform post-weld heat treatment as necessary to relieve residual stresses and restore material properties. This may include annealing, stress relieving, or solution heat treatment.
Inspection: Conduct visual inspection and non-destructive testing (NDT) to detect weld defects such as cracks, porosity, or incomplete fusion. Follow relevant codes and standards for inspection procedures.
Quality Assurance
Consistency and Reliability: Compliance with ASTM A479 ensures that stainless steel bars and shapes meet standardized requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties, and dimensional tolerances. This consistency in manufacturing processes and material properties enhances product reliability and performance in various applications.
Industry Acceptance and Traceability: ASTM A479 is widely recognized and accepted in industries where stainless steel components are utilized, such as aerospace, automotive, and construction. Third-party certification and testing provide independent validation of compliance with ASTM A479 standards, enhancing product traceability and confidence in the quality of materials used.
Mitigation of Risks and Liabilities: Adhering to ASTM A479 minimizes the risks associated with product failure, liability claims, and safety incidents. Third-party certification and testing help manufacturers demonstrate due diligence in ensuring that their products meet established quality and safety standards, thereby reducing the potential for costly recalls or legal consequences.
