ASTM A312
Basic Info
ASTM A312 specifies seamless, welded, and heavily cold worked austenitic stainless steel pipes for high-temperature and general corrosive service. This standard covers a wide range of pipe sizes and grades used in industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, and water treatment. It ensures the quality and performance of stainless steel pipes in demanding environments.
Characteristics
Wide Range of Applications: ASTM A312 covers seamless, welded, and heavily cold worked austenitic stainless steel pipes for high-temperature and general corrosive service, suitable for diverse applications.
Superior Corrosion Resistance: Stainless steel pipes conforming to A312 exhibit excellent resistance to corrosion, ensuring longevity in aggressive environments.
High Temperature Strength: A312 pipes maintain their mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, making them suitable for high-temperature applications.
Dimensional Accuracy: The standard ensures precise dimensional control of stainless steel pipes, crucial for compatibility and fit in piping systems.
ASTM A312 Data Sheet
Steel Grade
Dimensions and Tolerances
Equivalent Grades
Mechanical Properties
Chemical Composition
Fabrication and Welding
Steel Grade
TP304/304L
TP316/316L
TP321/321H
TP347/347H
TP317/317L
Dimensions and Tolerances
Round
Outside Diameter (OD) Range: 1/8″ to 24″ (10.31mm to 610mm)
Wall Thickness (WT) Range: SCH 5S to SCH 80S (0.035″ to 0.500″)
Tolerance on OD: +0.125″/-0.025″ (+3.18mm/-0.64mm)
Tolerance on WT: ±10%
Round
Outside Diameter (OD) Range: 1/8″ to 20″ (10.31mm to 508mm)
Wall Thickness (WT) Range: SCH 5S to SCH 80S (0.035″ to 0.500″)
Tolerance on OD: +0.125″/-0.025″ (+3.18mm/-0.64mm)
Tolerance on WT: ±10%
Equivalent Grades
European Union (EN)
EN 10216-5 (1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4435, 1.4878, 1.4550, 1.4541, 1.4948)
Japan (JIS)
JIS G3469 (SUS304TP, SUS304LTP, SUS316TP, SUS316LTP, SUS321TP, SUS347TP, SUS347HTP)
China (GB)
GB/T 14976 (0Cr18Ni9, 00Cr19Ni10, 0Cr18Ni10Ti, 00Cr18Ni11Nb, 00Cr17Ni14Mo2)
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength (MPa)
Grade TP304 (UNS S30400): ≥ 515
Grade TP304L (UNS S30403): ≥ 485
Grade TP316 (UNS S31600): ≥ 515
Grade TP316L (UNS S31603): ≥ 485
Grade TP321 (UNS S32100): ≥ 515
Grade TP321H (UNS S32109): ≥ 515
Grade TP347 (UNS S34700): ≥ 515
Grade TP347H (UNS S34709): ≥ 515
Grade TP317 (UNS S31700): ≥ 515
Grade TP317L (UNS S31703): ≥ 515
Yield Strength 0.2% Offset (MPa)
Grade TP304 (UNS S30400): ≥ 205
Grade TP304L (UNS S30403): ≥ 170
Grade TP316 (UNS S31600): ≥ 205
Grade TP316L (UNS S31603): ≥ 170
Grade TP321 (UNS S32100): ≥ 205
Grade TP321H (UNS S32109): ≥ 205
Grade TP347 (UNS S34700): ≥ 205
Grade TP347H (UNS S34709): ≥ 205
Grade TP317 (UNS S31700): ≥ 205
Grade TP317L (UNS S31703): ≥ 205
Elongation (%)
Grade TP304 (UNS S30400): ≥ 35
Grade TP304L (UNS S30403): ≥ 35
Grade TP316 (UNS S31600): ≥ 30
Grade TP316L (UNS S31603): ≥ 30
Grade TP321 (UNS S32100): ≥ 35
Grade TP321H (UNS S32109): ≥ 35
Grade TP347 (UNS S34700): ≥ 35
Grade TP347H (UNS S34709): ≥ 35
Grade TP317 (UNS S31700): ≥ 35
Grade TP317L (UNS S31703): ≥ 35
Hardness (Brinell)
Grade TP304 (UNS S30400): ≤ 192
Grade TP304L (UNS S30403): ≤ 192
Grade TP316 (UNS S31600): ≤ 192
Grade TP316L (UNS S31603): ≤ 192
Grade TP321 (UNS S32100): ≤ 192
Grade TP321H (UNS S32109): ≤ 201
Grade TP347 (UNS S34700): ≤ 201
Grade TP347H (UNS S34709): ≤ 201
Grade TP317 (UNS S31700): ≤ 192
Grade TP317L (UNS S31703): ≤ 192
Rockwell Hardness (HRB)
Grade TP304 (UNS S30400): ≤ 90
Grade TP304L (UNS S30403): ≤ 90
Grade TP316 (UNS S31600): ≤ 90
Grade TP316L (UNS S31603): ≤ 90
Grade TP321 (UNS S32100): ≤ 90
Grade TP321H (UNS S32109): ≤ 95
Grade TP347 (UNS S34700): ≤ 95
Grade TP347H (UNS S34709): ≤ 95
Grade TP317 (UNS S31700): ≤ 90
Grade TP317L (UNS S31703): ≤ 90
Rockwell Hardness (HRC)
Grade TP304 (UNS S30400): ≤ 90
Grade TP304L (UNS S30403): ≤ 90
Grade TP316 (UNS S31600): ≤ 90
Grade TP316L (UNS S31603): ≤ 90
Grade TP321 (UNS S32100): ≤ 90
Grade TP321H (UNS S32109): ≤ 95
Grade TP347 (UNS S34700): ≤ 95
Grade TP347H (UNS S34709): ≤ 95
Grade TP317 (UNS S31700): ≤ 90
Grade TP317L (UNS S31703): ≤ 90
Chemical Composition
Carbon (C)
Grade TP304 (UNS S30400): ≤ 0.08%
Grade TP304L (UNS S30403): ≤ 0.035%
Grade TP316 (UNS S31600): ≤ 0.08%
Grade TP316L (UNS S31603): ≤ 0.035%
Grade TP321 (UNS S32100): ≤ 0.08%
Grade TP321H (UNS S32109): ≤ 0.10%
Grade TP347 (UNS S34700): ≤ 0.08%
Grade TP347H (UNS S34709): ≤ 0.10%
Grade TP317 (UNS S31700): ≤ 0.08%
Grade TP317L (UNS S31703): ≤ 0.035%
Manganese (Mn)
All grades: ≤ 2.00%
Phosphorus (P)
All grades: ≤ 0.045%
Sulfur (S)
All grades: ≤ 0.030%
Silicon (Si)
All grades: ≤ 1.00%
Nickel (Ni)
Grade TP304 (UNS S30400): 8.0–10.5%
Grade TP304L (UNS S30403): 8.0–12.0%
Grade TP316 (UNS S31600): 10.0–14.0%
Grade TP316L (UNS S31603): 10.0–14.0%
Grade TP321 (UNS S32100): 9.0–12.0%
Grade TP321H (UNS S32109): 9.0–12.0%
Grade TP347 (UNS S34700): 9.0–13.0%
Grade TP347H (UNS S34709): 9.0–13.0%
Grade TP317 (UNS S31700): 11.0–15.0%
Chromium (Cr)
Grade TP304 (UNS S30400): 18.0–20.0%
Grade TP304L (UNS S30403): 18.0–20.0%
Grade TP316 (UNS S31600): 16.0–18.0%
Grade TP316L (UNS S31603): 16.0–18.0%
Grade TP321 (UNS S32100): 17.0–19.0%
Grade TP321H (UNS S32109): 17.0–19.0%
Grade TP347 (UNS S34700): 17.0–19.0%
Grade TP347H (UNS S34709): 17.0–19.0%
Grade TP317 (UNS S31700): 18.0–20.0%
Grade TP317L (UNS S31703): 18.0–20.0%
Molybdenum (Mo)
Grade TP316 (UNS S31600): 2.0–3.0%
Grade TP316L (UNS S31603): 2.0–3.0%
Grade TP317 (UNS S31700): 3.0–4.0%
Grade TP317L (UNS S31703): 3.0–4.0%
Titanium (Ti)
Grade TP321 (UNS S32100): 5 * C min, 0.70 max
Grade TP321H (UNS S32109): 5 * C min, 0.70 max
Columbium (Nb)
Grade TP347 (UNS S34700): Included
Grade TP347H (UNS S34709): Included
Nitrogen (N)
Grade TP316 (UNS S31600): 0.10% max
Grade TP316L (UNS S31603): 0.10% max
Grade TP317 (UNS S31700): 0.16% max
Grade TP317L (UNS S31703): 0.16% max
Fabrication and Welding
Welding Process
Commonly welded using TIG (GTAW), MIG (GMAW), and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) processes.
Preheating
Generally not required, but preheating may be beneficial for thicker sections or to minimize distortion during welding.
Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
Typically not required for austenitic stainless steels unless specified by applicable codes or for specific applications.
Filler Material Selection
Matching or overmatching filler metals are typically used. Common choices include grades such as ER308L, ER316L, etc.
Welding Technique
Use stringer beads or weave techniques, depending on joint configuration and thickness.
Back Purging
Back purging with inert gas (e.g., argon) may be necessary to prevent oxidation and ensure corrosion resistance in the weld zone.
Interpass Temperature Control
Maintain interpass temperatures within recommended limits to prevent excessive grain growth and maintain mechanical properties.
Post-Weld Cleaning and Passivation
Thoroughly clean welded surfaces to remove any contaminants, followed by passivation to restore the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel.
Fortified Foundations: Enhancing Infrastructure with ASTM A312 Stainless Steel Pipes
ASTM A312 materials offer unparalleled corrosion resistance, making them a top choice for customers across various industries. Withstanding harsh environments and corrosive substances is crucial in today’s industrial landscape. These stainless steel pipes are renowned for their high chromium and nickel content, providing exceptional resistance to corrosion, oxidation, and pitting. This durability ensures prolonged service life and reduced maintenance, translating to cost savings and operational efficiency for customers. Whether in chemical processing plants, offshore oil rigs, or food processing facilities, ASTM A312 materials provide the reliability and longevity customers demand. Their versatility allows for use in a wide range of applications, from conveying aggressive chemicals to transporting potable water. Customers value the peace of mind that comes with knowing their infrastructure is built to withstand the toughest conditions. Thus, ASTM A312 materials stand as a trusted and preferred solution in the market.
