ASTM A484
Characteristics
Wide Coverage: ASTM A484 covers a wide range of stainless steel products, including bars, billets, and forgings, in various grades and sizes, offering versatility to meet diverse industrial requirements.
Standardized Specifications: The standard establishes comprehensive requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensions, and tolerances of stainless steel bars and shapes, ensuring consistency and quality across different grades and product forms.
Quality Assurance: Compliance with ASTM A484 ensures that stainless steel products meet stringent quality standards, enhancing reliability, performance, and longevity in various applications.
Manufacturability: ASTM A484 provides guidelines for the manufacturing processes of stainless steel bars and shapes, including forging, machining, and finishing techniques, facilitating efficient and cost-effective production.
Industry Recognition: ASTM A484 is widely recognized and accepted in industries where stainless steel components are utilized, providing a common reference point for manufacturers, engineers, and procurement professionals.
Traceability: The standard emphasizes the importance of traceability by requiring material traceability markings and documentation, enabling easy identification and tracking of stainless steel products throughout their lifecycle.
ASTM A484 Data Sheet
Steel Grade
Dimensions and Tolerances
Equivalent Grades
Chemical Composition
Mechanical Properties
Fabrication and Welding
Steel Grade
304
Stainless steel grade with excellent corrosion resistance and versatility, commonly used in food processing, chemical processing, and architectural applications.
316
Stainless steel grade with enhanced corrosion resistance, particularly in marine environments and chemical processing applications, often used for pumps, valves, and marine equipment.
410
Martensitic stainless steel grade with high strength, hardness, and wear resistance, suitable for applications requiring abrasion resistance, such as shafts, valve components, and fasteners.
430
Ferritic stainless steel grade with good corrosion resistance and formability, commonly used in decorative trim, automotive trim, and kitchen equipment.
2205
Duplex stainless steel grade with excellent corrosion resistance and high strength, ideal for applications requiring resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion.
2507
Super duplex stainless steel grade with exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, suitable for demanding applications in chemical processing, oil and gas, and marine industries.
Dimensions and Tolerances
Shape
The available shapes are round, square, hexagonal, and flat.
Diameter (Round Bars)
The diameter starts at 1/8 inch (3.175 mm) and above.
Width (Flat Bars)
The width starts at 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) and above.
Thickness (Flat Bars)
The thickness starts at 1/8 inch (3.175 mm) and above.
Length (Bars)
The length is specified according to the customer’s requirements.
Tolerances
The tolerances for diameter, width, and thickness are ±0.005 inches (0.13 mm). The tolerance for length is ±1/8 inch (3.2 mm) or as specified.
Equivalent Grades
United States
AISI/SAE 304, AISI/SAE 316, and AISI/SAE 410.
United Kingdom
BS 970-1 Grade 304S15, BS 970-1 Grade 316S16, and more.
Japan
JIS G4303 Grade SUS304, JIS G4303 Grade SUS316.
European Union
EN 10088-3 Grade X5CrNi18-10, EN 10088-3 Grade X5CrNiMo17-12-2.
Chemical Composition
Carbon (C)
ASTM A484 304: 0.08% max
ASTM A484 316: 0.08% max
ASTM A484 410: 0.15% max
Manganese (Mn)
ASTM A484 304: 2.00% max
ASTM A484 316: 2.00% max
ASTM A484 410: 1.00% max
Phosphorus (P)
ASTM A484 304: 0.045% max
ASTM A484 316: 0.045% max
ASTM A484 410: 0.040% max
Sulfur (S)
ASTM A484 304: 0.030% max
ASTM A484 316: 0.030% max
ASTM A484 410: 0.030% max
Silicon (Si)
ASTM A484 304: 0.75% max
ASTM A484 316: 1.00% max
ASTM A484 410: 1.00% max
Chromium (Cr)
ASTM A484 304: 18.0–20.0%
ASTM A484 316: 16.0–18.0%
ASTM A484 410: 11.5–13.5%
Nickel (Ni)
ASTM A484 304: 8.00–10.50%
ASTM A484 316: 10.00–14.00%
ASTM A484 410: Not specified
Molybdenum (Mo)
ASTM A484 304: Not specified
ASTM A484 316: 2.00–3.00%
ASTM A484 410: Not specified
Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength
ASTM A484 304: 75 ksi (515 MPa) min
ASTM A484 316: 75 ksi (515 MPa) min
ASTM A484 410: 65 ksi (450 MPa) min
Yield Strength
ASTM A484 304: 30 ksi (205 MPa) min
ASTM A484 316: 30 ksi (205 MPa) min
ASTM A484 410: 30 ksi (205 MPa) min
Elongation
ASTM A484 304: 40% min
ASTM A484 316: 40% min
ASTM A484 410: 20% min
Reduction of Area
ASTM A484 304: 50% min
ASTM A484 316: 50% min
ASTM A484 410: Not specified
Hardness (Brinell)
ASTM A484 304: 201 max
ASTM A484 316: 217 max
ASTM A484 410: Not specified
Fabrication and Welding
Fabrication
Cutting
Use conventional cutting methods such as sawing, shearing, or abrasive cutting to cut ASTM A484 stainless steel bars, billets, or forgings to the desired length.
Forming
ASTM A484 stainless steel can be formed using cold working techniques such as bending, coiling, and drawing. Due to its high strength and work hardening characteristics, forming operations may require higher forces compared to carbon steels.
Machining
ASTM A484 stainless steel exhibits good machinability in annealed or solution-treated conditions. Use sharp tools, low cutting speeds, and ample coolant to minimize work hardening and tool wear.
Welding
Stainless steel bars, billets, and forgings covered by ASTM A484 can be welded using various welding processes such as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), and gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Preheating and post-weld heat treatment may be necessary to reduce the risk of cracking and ensure adequate corrosion resistance.
Finishing
ASTM A484 stainless steel bars, billets, and forgings can be finished using processes such as grinding, polishing, and buffing to achieve the desired surface finish and appearance.
Preparation
Ensure proper fit-up and joint preparation to achieve full penetration and minimize distortion. Clean the weld area to remove any contaminants or surface impurities.
Welding
Select a suitable welding method based on the specific grades of stainless steel and the application requirements. GTAW, GMAW, and SMAW are commonly used for welding ASTM A484 stainless steel.
Consumables
Choose welding consumables, including electrodes and filler metals, compatible with the base material to ensure proper weld quality and mechanical properties.
Welding Parameters
Control welding parameters such as heat input, travel speed, and interpass temperature to minimize distortion, prevent overheating, and ensure adequate fusion.
Post-Weld Treatment
Perform post-weld heat treatment as necessary to relieve residual stress and restore material properties. This may include annealing, stress relieving, or solution heat treatment.
Inspection
Conduct visual inspection and non-destructive testing (NDT) to detect weld defects such as cracks, porosity, or incomplete fusion. Follow relevant codes and standards for inspection procedures.
Advantages
High Corrosion Resistance: ASTM A484-compliant stainless steel offers superior corrosion resistance, making it ideal for use in harsh environments, such as marine, chemical, and food processing industries. This resistance to corrosion helps prolong the lifespan of components, reduce maintenance costs, and ensure long-term performance.
Excellent Mechanical Properties: ASTM A484 ensures that stainless steel materials meet stringent mechanical property requirements, including tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. This results in components with exceptional strength, durability, and reliability, capable of withstanding heavy loads and harsh operating conditions.
Suitability for Diverse Applications: ASTM A484 covers a wide range of stainless steel grades and product forms, providing versatility for various applications. Whether it’s for structural components in construction, precision parts in automotive engineering, or sanitary equipment in food processing, ASTM A484-compliant stainless steel offers solutions tailored to diverse customer needs and requirements.
