MONEL 400
Table of Contents
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Material Specification
Specification | Equivalent |
|---|---|
UNS | N04400 |
AMS | 4544, 4730 |
ASTM | B127, B164, B165 |
DIN | W.Nr. 2.4360 |
EN | 2.4360 |
Possible Alternative Grades
| Grade | UNS Number | Description | Key Differences |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monel K500 | N05500 | A precipitation-hardenable version of Monel 400 with higher strength and hardness. | Enhanced mechanical properties; lower ductility compared to Monel 400. |
| Inconel 625 | N06625 | A nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance. | Superior high-temperature strength and resistance to oxidizing environments. |
| Hastelloy C276 | N10276 | A nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy known for resistance to strong oxidizers and reducing agents. | Better corrosion resistance in highly oxidizing and reducing environments compared to Monel 400. |
| Nickel 200 | N02200 | A commercially pure nickel with excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. | Lower strength and limited application in high-temperature environments compared to Monel 400. |
| Alloy 825 | N08825 | A nickel-iron-chromium alloy with resistance to reducing and oxidizing acids. | Better acid resistance (e.g., sulfuric acid) but less versatile in marine environments. |
Inventory
Form | Specifications |
|---|---|
Plate and Sheet | Thickness: 0.5mm to 50mm |
Bar and Rod | Diameter: 6mm to 300mm |
Pipe and Tubes | Seamless and welded, 6mm to 200mm diameter |
Wire and Mesh | Diameter: 0.1mm to 6mm |
Technical Data Sheet
Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
Nickel (Ni) | 63 min |
Copper (Cu) | 28-34 |
Iron (Fe) | 2.5 max |
Manganese (Mn) | 2.0 max |
Carbon (C) | 0.3 max |
Silicon (Si) | 0.5 max |
Sulfur (S) | 0.024 max |
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 70-100 ksi (483-689 MPa) |
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset) | 25-50 ksi (172-345 MPa) |
| Hardness | 20-30 HRC |
| Elongation | 35-40% |
Property | Value |
|---|---|
Density | 8.80 g/cm³ |
Melting Point | 1350–1390°C (2460–2534°F) |
Magnetic Properties | Slightly magnetic |
Corrosion Resistance
Marine Environments:
Resists seawater corrosion, including pitting and crevice corrosion.
Acid Resistance:
Performs well in hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and alkalis.
Stress Corrosion Cracking:
Superior resistance to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking.
Thermal Properties
| Temperature | Mean Linear Expansion | Thermal Conductivity | Specific Heat | Electrical Resistivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| °F | °C | in/in/°F x 10⁻⁶ | μm/m·°C | Btu·in/h·ft²·°F |
| -300 | -180 | 6.1 | 11.1 | 113 |
| -200 | -130 | 6.4 | 11.4 | 130 |
| -100 | -70 | 6.7 | 12.1 | 139 |
| 70 | 21 | – | – | 151 |
| 200 | 100 | 7.7 | 14.2 | 167 |
| 400 | 200 | 8.6 | 15.2 | 193 |
| 600 | 300 | 8.8 | 15.7 | 215 |
| 800 | 400 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 242 |
| 1000 | 500 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 284 |
| 1200 | 600 | 9.3 | 16.7 | 287 |
| 1400 | 700 | 9.6 | 17.0 | 311 |
| 1600 | 800 | 9.8 | 17.4 | 335 (extrapolated) |
| 1800 | 900 | 10.0 | 18.0 | 360 (extrapolated) |
| 2000 | 1000 | 10.3 | 18.1 | – |
Fabrication and Welding Information
Ease of Fabrication
- MONEL Alloy 400 is readily fabricated using standard processes.
- It is softer than many steels, making it easier to form and weld.
Hot Forming
- Temperature Range: 1200°F to 2150°F.
- Heavy Reductions: Perform within 1700°F to 2150°F.
- Light Reductions: Minimum temperature can go down to 1200°F.
- Lower forming temperatures result in higher mechanical properties and smaller grain size.
Hot Working Considerations
- Avoid prolonged soaking at hot-working temperatures to prevent material degradation.
- In case of delays, lower furnace temperatures to 1900°F and hold until operations resume.
- Maximum Temperature: Do not exceed 2150°F to prevent permanent damage.
Forging Process
- Heavy forging must be conducted rapidly to avoid overheating.
- Use an optical pyrometer for accurate temperature measurement.
General Welding Tips
- MONEL 400 is weldable using methods such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW/TIG), gas metal arc welding (GMAW/MIG), and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW).
- For best results, use nickel-based filler metals compatible with MONEL 400.
Magnetic Properties
Curie Temperature
- Monel 400 has a Curie temperature that typically falls within the ambient range of 21°C to 49°C (70°F to 120°F).
- Above this temperature range, Monel 400 gradually loses its magnetic properties.
Variation in Magnetic Behavior
- The exact Curie temperature can vary slightly depending on the chemical composition of a specific batch of Monel 400.
- This results in variability in magnetism:
- Some batches may retain slight magnetic properties at room temperature.
- Other batches may exhibit no magnetic properties at all.
- This inconsistency makes it difficult to definitively confirm the alloy’s magnetic behavior under standard room conditions.
Suitability for Non-Magnetic Applications
- Monel 400 is not recommended for applications requiring strict non-magnetic properties due to its inconsistent behavior.
- For applications that demand completely non-magnetic materials, alternative alloys with reliable magnetic neutrality should be considered.
Balancing Magnetic Limitations and Benefits
- Despite its magnetic limitations, Monel 400 is still widely used for its:
- Excellent corrosion resistance
- Good mechanical properties
- However, its magnetic behavior must be carefully evaluated for specialized applications.
Applications
Customized Package
Oil-Coated Paper
Thick Woven Plastic Bag
Air Cushion Film + Wooden Case
At Alloyxpert
- Sheets and plates are wrapped in oil-coated paper for corrosion protection, placed on wooden pallets, and strapped securely to prevent shifting during transport.
- Bars and rods are bundled together using thick woven plastic bags and carefully packed, ensuring each bundle weighs no more than 1500 KG for safe handling.
- Tubes and pipes are packed in air cushion film to protect them from dirt and scratches. For added protection, they are placed in wooden cases to prevent damage during transit.
Logistics
By Sea
By Air
By Land
Alloyxpert provides three transportation options: sea, land, and air. Sea transportation is the most commonly chosen method for most orders and is therefore regarded as the default transportation mode. Quotations are typically based on terms such as FOB, CFR, or CIF. For urgent requirements, we also offer air transportation, while land transportation is available for specific regional needs.
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