ASTM B168
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ASTM B168 Basic Info
ASTM B168 serves as the definitive standard for the production of Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNS N06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025, and N06045) and Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617) sheets, plates, and strips. These alloys are renowned for their exceptional resistance to corrosion and oxidation in high-temperature environments, making them vital for applications in aerospace, chemical processing, and power generation.
Characteristics of ASTM B168
- Versatility: The standard covers a range of nickel-chromium-iron and nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloys, providing options for different requirements in terms of strength, corrosion resistance, and other properties.
- Dimensional Accuracy: ASTM B168 sets strict requirements for the dimensions and tolerances of plates, sheets, and strips, ensuring consistency and compatibility in various manufacturing and construction applications.
- Surface Finish: The standard specifies surface finish requirements, ensuring that the materials meet certain smoothness and appearance standards, which is crucial for applications where surface quality matters, such as in architectural uses or for components requiring tight seals.
- Widely Accepted: ASTM B168 is an internationally recognized standard, widely accepted in industries where nickel-based alloys are used, providing a common language for manufacturers, suppliers, and users to ensure quality and consistency.
ASTM B168 Data Sheet
Alloy 600
Alloy 601
Alloy 617
Alloy 625
Alloy 690
Alloy 693
Alloy 825
Alloy G-3
Alloy G-30
Alloy G-35
Alloy N06059
Alloy 020
Alloy C-276
Alloy 330
Alloy 188
Alloy 230
Alloy 25-6HN
Alloy C-4
Alloy C-22
Alloy 686
Alloy B-2
Alloy B-3
Alloy X
Alloy 901
Alloy 6B
Alloy 59
Alloy 33
Alloy 718
Alloy 800
Alloy 800H
Alloy 800HT
Alloy 617
Alloy 230
Alloy 601
Alloy 718
Alloy 800
Alloy 800H
Alloy 800HT
Alloy 725
Alloy 20
Alloy 6XN
Alloy G-30
Alloy G-35
Alloy N06617
Alloy N06265
Alloy N08825
Alloy N10276
Alloy N06985
Alloy N08330
Alloy N08367
Alloy N06455
Alloy N06022
Alloy N06686
Alloy N10665
Alloy N10675
Alloy N09901
Alloy R30006
Alloy R30188
Alloy N06230
Alloy N06059
Alloy N06035
Alloy N07718
Alloy N08020
Alloy N08904
Alloy N08367
Alloy N06030
Alloy N06035
Sheet & Strip:
Width: 12 to 48 inches
Thickness: 0.1875 to 0.3125 inches
Tolerances:
Width: ±0.031 inches
Thickness: ±10%
Length: ±0.125 inches
Flatness: Maximum deviation from flat is 1% of specified width in inches, up to 1/2 inch, inclusive
Plate:
Width: 3/16 to 2 inches
Thickness: 0.1875 to 2 inches
Tolerances:
Thickness: ±10%
Width: ±0.125 inches
Length: ±0.250 inches
Coils:
Width: 12 to 60 inches
Thickness: 0.030 to 0.187 inches
Tolerances:
Width: ±0.031 inches
Thickness: ±10%
Coil Length: Specified by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser
Alloy 600:
- GBT: GH3600
- EN/DIN: 2.4816
- VdTÜV: 2.4816
- UNS: N06600
Alloy 625:
- GBT: GH3625
- EN/DIN: 2.4856
- VdTÜV: 2.4856
- UNS: N06625
Alloy 690:
- GBT: GH3690
- EN/DIN: 2.4642
- VdTÜV: 2.4642
- UNS: N06690
Alloy 800:
- GBT: GH3801
- EN/DIN: 1.4876
- VdTÜV: 1.4876
- UNS: N08800
Alloy 800H:
- GBT: GH4808
- EN/DIN: 1.4958
- VdTÜV: 1.4958
- UNS: N08810
Alloy 800HT:
- GBT: GH4808
- EN/DIN: 1.4959
- VdTÜV: 1.4959
- UNS: N08811
Alloy 825:
- GBT: GH3825
- EN/DIN: 2.4858
- VdTÜV: 2.4858
- UNS: N08825
Alloy 601:
- GBT: GH3601
- EN/DIN: 2.4851
- VdTÜV: 2.4851
- UNS: N06601
Alloy 617:
- GBT: GH1617
- EN/DIN: 2.4663
- VdTÜV: 2.4663
- UNS: N06617
Alloy 718:
- GBT: GH1718
- EN/DIN: 2.4668
- VdTÜV: 2.4668
- UNS: N07718
Alloy 904L:
- GBT: N08904
- EN/DIN: 1.4539
- VdTÜV: 1.4539
- UNS: N08904
Alloy C-276:
- GBT: NS333
- EN/DIN: 2.4819
- VdTÜV: 2.4819
- UNS: N10276
Alloy 330:
- GBT: GH3030
- EN/DIN: 1.4864
- VdTÜV: 1.4864
- UNS: N08330
Alloy 20:
- GBT: GH3200
- EN/DIN: 2.4660
- VdTÜV: 2.4660
- UNS: N08020
Alloy G-30:
- GBT: GH3030
- EN/DIN: 2.4643
- VdTÜV: 2.4643
- UNS: N06030
Alloy G-35:
- GBT: GH3030
- EN/DIN: 2.4643
- VdTÜV: 2.4643
- UNS: N06035
Alloy AL-6XN:
- GBT: N08367
- EN/DIN: 1.4529
- VdTÜV: 1.4529
- UNS: N08367
Alloy B-2:
- GBT: NS312
- EN/DIN: 2.4617
- VdTÜV: 2.4617
- UNS: N10665
Alloy B-3:
- GBT: NS313
- EN/DIN: 2.4600
- VdTÜV: 2.4600
- UNS: N10675
Alloy N06059:
- GBT: NS336
- EN/DIN: 2.4605
- VdTÜV: 2.4605
- UNS: N06059
Alloy N06686:
- GBT: NS333
- EN/DIN: 2.4606
- VdTÜV: 2.4606
- UNS: N06686
Alloy N06625:
- GBT: NS336
- EN/DIN: 2.4856
- VdTÜV: 2.4856
- UNS: N06625
Alloy N08020:
- GBT: N08020
- EN/DIN: 2.4660
- VdTÜV: 2.4660
- UNS: N08020
Alloy N08904:
- GBT: N08904
- EN/DIN: 1.4539
- VdTÜV: 1.4539
- UNS: N08904
Alloy N08367:
- GBT: N08367
- EN/DIN: 1.4529
- VdTÜV: 1.4529
- UNS: N08367
Alloy N06030:
- GBT: N06030
- EN/DIN: 2.4643
- VdTÜV: 2.4643
- UNS: N06030
Alloy N06035:
- GBT: N06035
- EN/DIN: 2.4643
- VdTÜV: 2.4643
- UNS: N06035
Nickel (Ni): 72.0% min
Chromium (Cr): 14.0 – 17.0%
Iron (Fe): 6.0 – 10.0%
Manganese (Mn): 1.0% max
Silicon (Si): 0.5% max
Copper (Cu): 0.5% max
Carbon (C): 0.15% max
Sulfur (S): 0.015% max
Aluminum (Al): 0.015 – 0.50%
Titanium (Ti): 0.15 – 0.60%
Columbium (Niobium) + Tantalum (Columbium): 0.30 – 1.10%
Phosphorus (P): 0.015% max
Tensile Strength:
Condition: Annealed
Value: 80 ksi (550 MPa) min
0.2% Yield Strength:
Condition: Annealed
Value: 30 ksi (205 MPa) min
Elongation:
Condition: Annealed
Value: 30% min
Hardness:
Condition: Annealed; Value: 85 HB max
Condition: 1/4 Hard; Value: 140–170 HB
Condition: 1/2 Hard; Value: 165–195 HB
Condition: 3/4 Hard; Value: 185–215 HB
Condition: Full Hard; Value: 205–235 HB
Condition: Spring Temper; Value: 220–250 HB
Hot Forming:
Condition: Annealed
Recommendation:
- Temperature: 1600-2250°F (870-1230°C)
- For annealed: 1200-1700°F (650-925°C) to prevent grain growth and reduce defects.
Cold Forming:
Condition: Annealed
Recommendation:
- Cold work should be performed using methods and lubricants that minimize galling and work hardening.
- Rolling, deep drawing, and forming can be performed.
Machinability:
Condition: Annealed
Recommendation: Good machinability; carbide tooling is recommended.
Welding:
Condition: Annealed
Recommendation:
- TIG or MIG welding with matching filler metals (Alloy 600, 625, 800, 825, etc.)
- Preheat and post-weld heat treatment may be necessary for certain alloys and thicknesses.
- Avoid excessive heat to prevent carbide precipitation and sensitization.
- Weldments should be cleaned and passivated to prevent contamination and corrosion.
Brazing:
Condition: Annealed
Recommendation: Brazing can be performed using appropriate filler metals and fluxes.
Heat Treatment:
Condition: Annealed
Recommendation: Annealing: 2000-2250°F (1095-1230°C), hold time based on thickness.
Condition: 1/4 Hard
Recommendation: Stress relief anneal: 1250-1500°F (680-815°C), hold time based on thickness.
Condition: 1/2 Hard
Recommendation: Stress relief anneal: 1250-1500°F (680-815°C), hold time based on thickness.
Condition: 3/4 Hard
Recommendation: Stress relief anneal: 1250-1500°F (680-815°C), hold time based on thickness.
Condition: Full Hard
Recommendation: Stress relief anneal: 1250-1500°F (680-815°C), hold time based on thickness.
Condition: Spring Temper
Recommendation: Stress relief anneal: 1250-1500°F (680-815°C), hold time based on thickness.
Quenching:
Typically water quenched or rapidly air cooled.
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC):
Condition: Annealed
Recommendation: Susceptible to SCC in certain environments, particularly with operation above 1000°F (540°C).
Condition: Cold Worked
Recommendation:
- Increased susceptibility to SCC, avoid in chloride environments or high-stress conditions.
- Stress relief at 1250-1500°F (680-815°C) can mitigate SCC risks.
ASTM B168 Compare with Stainless Steel
Corrosion Resistance:
ASTM B168 Nickel Alloys: Offers excellent resistance to corrosion, especially in acidic and high-temperature environments.
Stainless Steel (e.g., 304, 316): While stainless steel is corrosion-resistant, it may not perform as well in highly corrosive or acidic environments compared to some nickel alloys.
Strength and Temperature Resistance:
ASTM B168 Nickel Alloys: Generally have high strength and excellent resistance to high temperatures.
Stainless Steel: Depending on the grade, stainless steel may have lower strength at high temperatures compared to nickel alloys.
Price Consideration:
ASTM B168 Nickel Alloys: Nickel alloys tend to be more expensive than stainless steel due to their unique properties and alloying elements.
Stainless Steel: Generally more cost-effective than nickel alloys, especially in common grades like 304 and 316.
Applications:
ASTM B168 Nickel Alloys: Preferred for applications where corrosion resistance and high-temperature performance are critical, such as chemical processing, aerospace components, and marine applications.
Stainless Steel: Widely used in various industries including construction, food processing, and medical equipment. It may be suitable for general-purpose applications with moderate corrosion requirements.
Machinability and Fabrication:
ASTM B168 Nickel Alloys: May require specialized machining tools due to their hardness. However, they can be formed and fabricated into complex shapes.
Stainless Steel: Generally easier to machine and fabricate compared to some nickel alloys. Stainless steel is known for its formability and weldability.
